Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne, Is A Story That Is Thick Essay Example For Students

Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne, Is A Story That Is Thick Essay Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a story that is thick with allegory. Young Goodman Brown is a moral story which is told through the perversion of a religious leader. In Young Goodman Brown, Goodman Brown is a Puritan minister who lets his excessive pride in himself interfere with his relations with the community after he meets with the devil, and causes him to live the life of an exile in his own community. Young Goodman Brown begins when Faith, Browns wife, asks him not to go on an errand. Goodman Brown says to his love and (my) Faith that this one night I must tarry away from thee. When he says his love and his Faith, he is talking to his wife, but he is also talking to his faith to God. He is venturing into the woods to meet with the Devil, and by doing so, he leaves his unquestionable faith in God with his wife. We will write a custom essay on Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne, Is A Story That Is Thick specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He resolves that he will cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven. This is an example of the excessive pride because he feels that he can sin and meet with the Devil because of this promise that he made to himself. There is a tremendous irony to this promise because when Goodman Brown comes back at dawn; he can no longer look at his wife with the same faith he had before. When Goodman Brown finally meets with the Devil, he declares that the reason he was late was because Faith kept me back awhile. This statement has a double meaning because his wife physically prevented him from being on time for his meeting with the devil, but his faith to God psychologically delayed his meeting with the devil. The Devil had with him a staff that bore the likeness of a great black snake. The staff which looked like a snake is a reference to the snake in the story of Adam and Eve. The snake led Adam and Eve to their destruction by leading them to the Tree of Knowledge. The Adam and Eve story is similar to Goodman Brown in that they are both seeking unfathomable amounts of knowledge. Once Adam and Eve ate from the Tree of Knowledge they were expelled from their paradise. The Devils staff eventually leads Goodman Brown to the Devils ceremony which destroys Goodman Browns faith in his fellow man, therefore expelling him from his utopia. Goodman Brown almost immediately declares that he kept his meeting with the Devil and no longer wishes to continue on his errand with the Devil. He says that he comes from a race of honest men and good Christians and that his father had never gone on this errand and nor will he. The Devil is quick to point out however that he was with his father and grandfather when they were flogging a woman or burning an Indian village, respectively. These acts are ironic in that they were bad deeds done in the name of good, and it shows that he does not come from good Christians.When Goodman Browns first excuse not to carry on with the errand proves to be unconvincing, he says he cant go because of his wife, Faith. And because of her, he can not carry out the errand any further. At this point the Devil agrees with him and tells him to turn back to prevent that Faith should come to any harm like the old woman in front of them on the path. Ironically, Goodman Browns faith is harmed because the woman on the path is the woman who taught him his catechism in youth, and was still his moral and spiritual adviser. The Devil and the woman talk and afterward, Brown continues to walk on with the Devil in the disbelief of what he had just witnessed. Ironically, he blames the woman for consorting with the Devil but his own pride stops him from realizing that his faults are the same as the womans. Brown again decides that he will no longer to continue on his errand and rationalizes that just because his teacher was not going to heaven, why should he quit my dear Faith, and go after her. At this, the Devil tosses Goodman Brown his staff (which will lead him out of his Eden) and leaves him.Goodman Brown begins to think to himself about his situation and his pride in himself begins to build. He applauds himself greatly, and thinking with how clear a conscience he should meet his ministerAnd what calm sleep would be his. ..in the arms of Faith! This is ironic because at the end of the story, he can not even look Faith in the eye, let alone sleep in her arms. As Goodman Brown is feeling good about his strength in resisting the Devil, he hears the voices of the minister and Deacon Gookin. .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad , .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .postImageUrl , .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad , .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad:hover , .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad:visited , .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad:active { border:0!important; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad:active , .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91826df712b27ff28c1433023c8d9aad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King And Mass Media Essay He overhears their conversation and hears them discuss a goodly young woman to be taken in to communion that evening at that nights meeting and fears that it may be his Faith. When Goodman Brown hears this he becomes weak and falls to the ground. He begins to doubt whether there really was a Heaven above him and this is a key point when Goodman Browns faith begins to wain. Goodman Brown in panic declares that With Heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil! Again, Brown makes a promise to keep his faith unto God. Then a black mass of cloud goes in between Brown and the sky as if to block his prayer from heaven. Brown then hears what he believed to be voices that he has before in the community. Once Goodman Brown begins to doubt whether this is really what he had heard or not, the sound comes to him again and this time it is followed by one voice, of a young woman. Goodman believes this is Faith and he yells out her name only to be mimicked by the echoes of the forest, as if his calls to Faith were falling on deaf ears. A pink ribbon flies through the air and Goodman grabs it. At this moment, he has lost all faith in the world and declares that there is no good on earth. Young Goodman Brown in this scene is easily manipulated simply by the power of suggestion. The suggestion that the woman in question is his Faith, and because of this, he easily loses his faith. Goodman Brown then loses all of his inhibitions and begins to laugh insanely. He takes hold of the staff which causes him to seem to fly along the forest-path. This image alludes to that of Adam and Eve being led out of the Garden of Eden as is Goodman Brown being led out of his utopia by the Devils snakelike staff. Hawthorne at this point remarks about the instinct that guides mortal man to evil. This is a direct statement from the author that he believes that mans natural inclination is to lean to evil than good. Goodman Brown had at this point lost his faith in God, therefore there was nothing restraining his instincts from moving towards evil because he had been lead out from his utopian image of society. At this point, Goodman Brown goes mad and challenges evil. He feels that he will be the downfall of evil and that he is strong enough to overcome it all. This is another demonstration of Browns excessive pride and arrogance. He believes that he is better than everyone else in that he alone can destroy evil. Brown then comes upon the ceremony which is setup like a perverted Puritan temple. The altar was a rock in the middle of the congregation and there were four trees surrounding the congregation with their tops ablaze, like candles. A red light rose and fell over the congregation which cast a veil of evil over the congregation over the devil worshippers.Brown starts to take notice of the faces that he sees in the service and he recognizes them all, but he then realizes that he does not see Faith and hope came into his heart. This is the first time that the word hope ever comes into the story and it is because this is the true turning point for Goodman Brown. If Faith was not there, as he had hoped, he would not have to live alone in his community of heathens, which he does not realize that he is already apart of. Another way that the hope could be looked at is that it is all one of the Christian triptych. (Capps 25) The third part of the triptych which is never mentioned throughout the story is charity. If Brown had had charity it would have been the antidote that would have allowed him to survive without despair the informed state in which he returned to Salem. (Camps 25) The ceremony then begins with a a cry to Bring forth the converts! Surprisingly Goodman Brown steps forward. He had no power to retreat one step, nor to resist, even in thought. Goodman Brown at this point seems to be in a trance and he loses control of his body as he is unconsciously entering this service of converts to the devil. The leader of the service than addresses the crowd of converts in a disturbing manner. He informs them that all the members of the congregation are the righteous, honest, and incorruptible of the community. The sermon leader then informs the crowd of their leaders evil deeds such as attempted murder of the spouse and wife, adultery, and obvious blasphemy. .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac , .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .postImageUrl , .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac , .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac:hover , .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac:visited , .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac:active { border:0!important; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac:active , .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u490d083c94f79bfa7a5fd611d3124dac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: French Revolution Essay After his sermon, the leader informs them to look upon each other and Goodman Brown finds himself face to face with Faith. The leader begins up again declaring that Evil is the nature of mankind and he welcomes the converts to communion of your race. (The communion of your race statement reflects to the irony of Browns earlier statement that he comes from a race of honest men and good Christians.) The leader than dips his hand in the rock to draw a liquid from it and to lay the mark of baptism upon their foreheads. Brown than snaps out from his trance and yells Faith! Faith! Look up to Heaven and resist the wicked one! At this, the ceremony ends and Brown finds himself alone. He does not know whether Faith, his wife, had kept her faith, but he finds himself alone which leads him to believe that he is also alone in his faith. Throughout the story, Brown lacks emotion as a normal person would have had. The closest Brown comes to showing an emotion is when a hanging twig, that had been all on fire, besprinkled his cheek with the coldest dew. The dew on his cheek represents a tear that Brown is unable to produce because of his lack of emotion. Hawthorne shows that Brown has no compassion for the weaknesses he sees in others, no remorse for his own sin, and no sorrow for his loss of faith. (Easterly 339) His lack of remorse and compassion condemns him to an anguished life that is spiritually and emotionally dissociated. (Easterly 341) This scene is an example of how Goodman Brown chose to follow his head rather than his heart. Had Brown followed his heart, he may have still lived a good life. If he followed with his heart, he would have been able to sympathize with the communitys weaknesses, but instead, he listened to his head and excommunicated himself from the community because he only thought of them as heathens. Young Goodman Brown ends with Brown returning to Salem at early dawn and looking around like a bewildered man. He cannot believe that he is in the same place that he just the night before; because to him, Salem was no longer home. He felt like an outsider in a world of Devil worshippers and because his basic means of order, his religious system, is absent, the society he was familiar with becomes nightmarish. (Shear 545) He comes back to the town projecting his guilt onto those around him. (Tritt 114) Brown expresses his discomfort with his new surroundings and his excessive pride when he takes a child away from a blessing given by Goody Cloyse, his former Catechism teacher, as if he were taking the child from the grasp of the fiend himself. His anger towards the community is exemplified when he sees Faith who is overwhelmed with excitement to see him and he looks sternly and sadly into her face, and passed on without a greeting. Brown cannot even stand to look at his wife with whom he was at the convert service with. He feels that even though he was at the Devils service, he is still better than everyone else because of his excessive pride. Brown feels he can push his own faults on to others and look down at them rather than look at himself and resolve his own faults with himself. Goodman Brown was devastated by the discovery that the potential for evil resides in everybody. The rest of his life is destroyed because of his inability to face this truth and live with it. The story, which may have been a dream, and not a real life event, planted the seed of doubt in Browns mind which consequently cut him off from his fellow man and leaves him alone and depressed. His life ends alone and miserable because he was never able to look at himself and realize that what he believed were everyone elses faults were his as well. His excessive pride in himself led to his isolation from the community. Brown was buried with no hopeful verse upon his tombstone; for his dying hour was gloom. Works Cited Capps, Jack L. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, Explicator, Washington D.C. , 1982 Spring, 40:3, 25.Easterly, Joan Elizabeth. Lachrymal Imagery in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, Studies in Short Fiction, Newberry, S.C. , 1991 Summer, 28:3, 339-43. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodmam Brown, The Story and Its Writer, 4th ed. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1995, 595-604. Shear, Walter. Cultural Fate and Social Freedom in Three American Short Stories, Studies in Short Fiction, Newberry, S.C., 1992 Fall, 29:4, 543-549. Tritt, Michael. Young Goodman Brown and the Psychology of Projection, Studies in Short Fiction, Newberry, S.C., 1986 Winter, 23:1, 113-117.

The NGOs Role Within Australias Democracy †Government Essay

The NGOs Role Within Australias Democracy – Government Essay Free Online Research Papers The NGOs Role Within Australias Democracy Government Essay The role of NGOs in Australia’s system of democracy is an issue of increasing relevance and significance within public discourse. NGOs have been placed under proliferating scrutiny and reconceptualization within our political landscape. This has been characterised by increasing conservative neo-liberalist philosophical underpinnings rationalised within economic rationalism’s model of entrepreneurship and free market competition. (Maddison, Denniss and Hamilton 2004 p1) The roles, responsibilities and challenges facing NGOs are numerous and ever-changing with â€Å"greater confusion about the non-profit sector and its role than before.† (Fitzgerald 2004 p1)It is important yet difficult for these NGOs to juggle values, purpose and determination within the broader context of political climates and societal change. The need for NGOs to clarify their roles and responsibility within the Australian system of democracy is of profound significance within our changing societal paradigm moving towards conservatism, privatisation and overriding neo-liberalist philosophies contrasting the Keynesian welfare model upon which societal constructs has until recently drawn heavily upon. (McDonald and Marston 2002 p3) NGOs have been faced with a consequential need to articulate roles and defend their actions and ideologies as governments and conservative organizations focus not on the positive processes and outcomes of NGOs for their service users and the community but rather the threat that they pose to the conservative equilibrium created within the neo-liberalist agenda, particularly in relation to their support from the community and the advice they provide to governments and corporations. (Mowbray 2003 p4) NGOs play a unique and invaluable role within Australia’s system of democracy in playing an intermediator role between the government, the community and the corporate for profit sector, creating public forums of debate involving varying individuals often with diverse or underrepresented needs, representation of disadvantaged and marginalised groups, providing direct involvement in policy formation and change, providing uncompromising quality services to the community and striving for high levels of transparency and accountability of governments, the corporate sector and their own organizations. The construction of a public sphere of consultation, discussion and debate may be argued to be a fundamental underpinning of the democratic process as well as â€Å"to the development of good public policy and a well functioning democracy†. (Maddison, Denniss and Hamilton 2004 p1) NGOs provide a platform from which alternative views and experiences may be expressed and often advocate on the behalf of or assist in a process of empowerment of marginalised and disadvantaged groups. This enables a public voice previously unheard or disregarded increasing access to decision making processes effecting individuals and communities and moving towards a more egalitarian holistic approach incorporating the needs of all stakeholders. The legitimacy of these roles of NGOs has been placed under increasing scrutiny with a highly contested movement away from the involvement of NGOs in public decision-making processes. The decreasing public trust of governmental and corporate entities has concurrently been juxtaposed by an increasing level of public trust and involvement with NGOs and community participation (Maddison, Denniss and Hamilton 2004 p2) The legitimacy of NGOs subsequently has been called into question under right wing conservative ideology referring to NGOs as â€Å"a growing power of an unelected few† (Fitzgerald 2004 p5) undermining and questioning their authority, motivations and views. Thus a strengthening conservative agenda has emerged questioning the right of NGO’s to be involved in public political discourse and calling for the silencing of dissidence through intimidatory means or withholding funding. This contradicts democratic principles of free speech and the right to question gove rnmental actions to which NGOs oppose and hope to overcome rather than engage in self-censorship or external body control as a means of self-preservation. NGOs have played an increasingly significant role in representing disadvantaged and marginalised groups and bringing a collaborative and rights based approach into the public agenda. Citizenship and involvement within the democratic process are constructed as a framework for participation â€Å"as citizens with a range of collective identities rather than as individualised clients or customers† (Ryan 1995 in Sawer and Jupp 1996 p40) NGOs are thus playing an increasingly significant role in the meaning making process assisting in the activation of voices and perspectives of those often unrepresented and unheard within political and societal discourse. This is working in contradiction to the neo-liberalist attempt to â€Å"converge to weaken or abolish collective standards and solidarities† (Bourdieu 1998 p3) and the Darwinistic market neoliberalism increasingly upheld and prioritised within our growing conservative governmental epoch. This representation may involve cr eating open discussion and public forums, direct involvement in planning, implementing and reviewing policy processes and governmental decisions and working towards the capacity building and empowerment of individuals and communities to articulate and represent their needs and opinions within the public sphere. The NGOs operational objectives and function are important in reflecting on the their role within the system of democracy. The provision of uncompromising quality services to the community maintaining philosophies, values and priorities in everyday functioning is an integral aspect in working towards broader aims and objectives regarding societal structures and change. In providing this, NGOs can act as intermediaries between governments, communities and corporations with integrity and genuine transparency and accountability for their actions. Accountability is a central role and issue intrinsic within service provision and the multifaceted public discourse of our system of democracy. NGOs have a responsibility to the community, the government and other organizations to provide transparency and accountability for their actions and the processes undertaken working within their ideological frameworks and understanding. In providing this accountability they provide a milieu within which to question the actions and accountabilities of governments and other organizations involved with the community and the democratic state. Criticism has been mounted against NGOs relating to accountability under the neo-liberalist conceptualisation of the NGOs as an illegitimate entity with its self-interest of paramount concern. However NGOs have reflected that it is their role and responsibility to remain answerable and open to their actions and support improving accountability frameworks, benchmarking and co-responsibilities between NGOs an d governments. (Fitzgerald 2004 p6) Within the case study of the proposal for the Social Science Student’s Society (SSSS) stakeholders play a significant role in the creation of a student’s society enabling a communicative forum, participation, feedback, open and critical discussion and the creation of a cohesive collective of social science students within the university. These two stakeholders, the students and the university engage from differing conceptualisations and ideological positions underpinning their approaches and understanding of the role of NGOs. The students take a structural ideological position in relation to the role of NGOs understanding the power imbalances and inequality systematically inherent to their position and within the organizational framework of the proposed social science student’s society. Within the broader spectrum of the university and the governmental policies and practices influencing the varying levels of their experience the students can observe and understand the societal power imbalance imposed under a top down non-consultative approach. The student’s are aiming to bring about participatory change focusing on the thoughts, ideas and experiences of social science students questioning the current systemic limitations of the university including a belief that â€Å"participation is limited due to current school structures, which do not encourage their participation† (SSSS Proposal 2005). An underlying belief that students have the right to open participatory forum, a cohesive commu nity and involvement in planning processes regarding their education is underpinning the role of the SSSS, and an understanding of this within the confines of the universities limitations and societal realm is articulated. The students and SSSS thus construct the role of NGOs as working against recognised systematic inequalities and limitations activating the voices of the marginalised and oppressed in order to bring about positive outcomes and greater societal change. Another key stakeholder within this proposal is the university. The universities approach and ideological position can be understood on a more conservative level than the students however is not unaware of the challenges imposed by power imbalances and inequality such as an inability of the system to incorporate the voices and opinions of the majority. The university takes a pluralist ideological standpoint examining the students and the SSSS proposal and maintains this viewpoint in the broader role of NGOs. The university is able to recognise the varying needs of students and those engaging with the university and is aware of its role in working with these groups to achieve positive outcomes. It maintains this without directly focusing upon a broader actualisation of social problems within the context of societal oppression and systematic inequality, rather focusing on specific issues effecting specific groups within the university and recognising the often unequal distribution of p ower among these groups. The university may conceptualise the broader role of NGOs to work towards achieving goals with varying groups and decrease the effects of inequality and oppression. NGOs may do this without significantly affecting the status quo however may question societal structures in the best interests in alleviating marginalisation and oppression of individuals and communities. The ideological underpinning may have a vast impact on the outcomes for the organization as the various frameworks of understanding of societal structures and approaches to change construct the foundations from which viewpoints are developed and actions are undertaken. The structuralist ideological position holds a greater potential for comprehensive and holistic change, focusing on the varying levels and structures of society from which power imbalances and oppression arise. The focus is centralised on significant and multifaceted change which if achieved is likely to prove successful, as the examination and analysis of all systems of power and change are included in the social change approach. The structuralist ideological position within specific instances however may prove extremely challenging and problematic for an organization to approach. The far-reaching implications of top down systematic inequalities and oppression are complex and possibly daunting issues to tackle; and in specific instances it may not be possible for an organization to approach and change entrenched viewpoints or inequalities deriving from powerful systems over which the organization has little to no control. The pluralist ideological position acts as intermediary in understanding society and social change and due to this attaining positive outcomes and strengthening the positions of marginalized groups and alleviating aspects of inequality may be quite achievable. This may prove to be very beneficial to the groups involved with the organization if their interests are represented however an overall problem with the pluralist approach is its failure to deconstruct and conceptualise the broader spectrum of societal problems. Outcomes may be affected as immediate, short or medium term outcomes may be achievable, however working towards long term or systematic changes may not be encapsulated within the scope of a pluralist approach as they may be when working within a structuralist ide ological framework. References Aja, F.S. (2005) Proposal for the Social Science Students Society [unpublished document] Bankstown: University of Western Sydney. Bourdieu, P. (1998) The Essence of Neoliberalism. [online] Venezuela Analitica Editores. Available from – www.analitica.com/bitbioteca/bourdieu/neoliberalism.asp [Accessed 28 August 2005] Fitzgerald, R. (2004) Challenges, choices and opportunities for Nonprofit Organizations. National Roundtable of Nonprofit Organizations. 16 September 2004. Australian Council for International Development. Mowbray, M (2003) War on non profits: ‘NGOs: What do we do about them?’ Just Policy.30 (July) 3-13. McDonald, C. and Marston, G. (2002) Fixing the Niche? Rhetorics of the community sector in the neo-liberal welfare regime. Just Policy. 27 (August) 3-10. Maddison, S and Denniss, R. and Hamilton, C. (2004) Silencing Dissent: Non-government organizations and the Australian democracy. Discussion Paper Number 65 June 2004. [online] The Australia Institute. Available from – tai.org.au/Publications_Files/DP_Files/DP65.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2005] Bibliography Mills, S. (1994) A Summary of Community Work and Ideology. [unpublished document] Lismore TAFE. Mowbray, M. (2004) Getting NGOs out of the tent: The IPA’s campaign against charities. [online] Victorian Council of Social Services. Available at – tear.org.au/resources/harambee/041/04_ngo-out-ofthe-tent.htm [Accessed 30 July 2005] Sawer, M. (2002) Governing for the Mainstream: Implications for Community Representation. Australian Journal of Public Administration. 61(1) March 39-49. Sawer, M. and Jupp, J. (1996) The Two-Way Street: Government Shaping of Community-Based Advocacy. Australian Journal of Public Administration. 55 (4) December, 82-99. Research Papers on The NGOs Role Within Australia's Democracy - Government EssayRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Legal and Ethical Implications of Diversity and Inclusion Essay

Legal and Ethical Implications of Diversity and Inclusion - Essay Example that diversity and inclusion are valued by all parties in an organization especially during employment and the way they relate to one another in the workplace. Provision of excellent relationships in a workplace despite, the race, colour, age, culture brings about an all-inclusive working environment that in return improves the performance. I also help in reduction of harassments and abrasions of the workers (Ely, Meyerson & Davidson, 2006). Ensuring people of different ages are provided with similar opportunities, and promotion is done on merit and not age is the other manner of meeting diversity and inclusion needs at the workplace. A leader should understand the organization’s aspects of diversity and inclusion to explain to the employee or members of staff their importance and also describe the ethical and legal policies. By understanding and interpreting the organizational policies where the impacts, consequences and remedies of certain forms of actions at the workplace are treated brings some conscience to both staff and employees on the importance of observing such. Also as a leader, one should be able to understand different forms of acts that can be detrimental to diversity and inclusion process. Through this, a leader can be able to identify potential issues relating to diversity and inclusion and hence, define ways to prevent such from being practised in their firms. It also helps in determining of policies and procedures that describe legal and ethical requirements which needs to be followed by employees, business partners, third party suppliers and even customers (Tyler et al., 2008). Accepting diversity and inclusion usually take place after an introduction of a process or procedure is met with resistance or slow adoption of the policies that promote the acts. Embracing diversity and inclusion, on the other hand, refers to willingly accepting the policies relating to the same which were initially available at the organization. Accepting typically

Criminal Law. Problem Question. R v Danny Johnson Essay

Criminal Law. Problem Question. R v Danny Johnson - Essay Example The burden of prove lies on the shoulder of the defendant concerning cause of death of the victim. Here, mentioned points are worth consideration: a) whether the defendant responsible for the victim's death b) can he be caught in accordance with law c) whether the victim’s death cause of inflicted injury or some other intervening act d) whether the victim receive proper medical treatment e) whether the attempted escape of defendant cause victim’s death. In this respect we may cite here the case of R v White [1910] 2 KB 124. The defendant diluted poison in his mother’s glass but she died due to heart failure. The cause of death was heart failure and not the intake of the poisonous drink. He was tried and convicted of attempted murder2. In another case of R v Smith [1959] 2 QB 35, it was held that the defendant's operating and substantial cause of death is the cause in Law. There are circumstances wherein the intervening acts of the defendant attributes to the caus e of death of a victim. As per law, defendant cannot be accountable provided the victim died due to the acts of other’s misdeed. It does not mean that in every case of intervening acts that cause the death of a victim, defendant will be absolved from its liability. Following grounds can be considered to get hold of the defendant causing death of a person: a) if the death caused to multiple reasons wherein the defendant’s role was operating and substantial, he / she will be liable for punishment under the law. Let us examine the case of R v Malcherek (1981) 73 Cr App R 173. Wherein the woman had received fatal injuries for which she had to place on the life supporting machine. Taking into account the clinical death and found no hope of recovery, doctors decided to disconnect the life supporting machine that caused her to death within half an hour. The defendant charged with attempted murder, tried and awarded death sentence. He subsequently went on to appeal against the judgment of the trial court to the Court of Appeal on the plea that the doctors had broken the cycle of life by deliberately switching off the life supporting machine. The plea was dismissed. It was held by the Court of Appeal that since the operating and substantial factors involved that cause the death of wounded woman which was initially inflicted upon by the defendant. The court was of the view that since the role of life supporting machine was confined to keep the injuries in suspension, therefore, as soon as the machine went off the original wounds came on the surface causing death of wounded woman3. Apart from the above, the badly wounded person may succumb to injuries as a natural consequence of the defendant acts. In the mentioned scenario the defendant got hold of death. Suppose a person is attacked and left in the lurch on the road side. The attacker will be liable for punishment if the wounded person dies of oozing out blood, for infectious wounds of him, run over by th e speedy vehicle. The other way round, defendant would not be accountable provided he / she killed by another murderer or killed under the debris of a collapsible building due to hell of a tremor. Nonetheless where Human intervention meant for self-preservation / in execution of a legal duty does not hamper the chain of cause of incident. Study of the case of R v Paget (1983) 76 Cr App R 279

The European Court of Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The European Court of Human Rights - Essay Example This is with the respect that human rights and freedoms should be upheld and respected at all costs. In some instances, the European Court of Human Rights has come under sharp scrutiny and focus. This is a direct result of its overall mandate, jurisdictional application and accrued results (Mignon, 2012). This paper will dissect an article on the European Court of Human Rights. It will provide an in depth analysis and summation of the article with the aim of synthesizing the author’s thoughts. It should be realized that the need and respect for international justice and reprieve was one of the leading building blocks of the European Court of Human Rights. As a direct result, the pressure that the court faces over the years has created scenarios where the United Kingdom has opted to drop out of the convention. The court is experiencing fierce battles with many terming it a gross violator of human rights. This is a direct result of the many rulings and judgments made that favor terrorists and prisoners at the expense of ordinary people (Smith & Van-Der-Anker, 2005). In other instances, the court has been observed to blatantly ignore common sense in many of its rulings. During the formation of the court, Sir Winston Churchill envisioned a judicial process that could never interrupted. This was an emergent need as many governments had submerged many of their judicial ideals in totalitarianism and dictatorship. Churchill’s ideology was highly strengthened as the world watched the disaster that claimed lives during the Nazi regime. The court gained powers and support to ensure that it could adequately deal with such international injustices (Mignon, 2012). It is not possible to ignore the amount of work that has been concluded by the court. The court has set historical rulings at both individual and national level. This has guaranteed many people in Europe, rights and privileges that they could not previously attain. Despite this, there is a frenzy of r eactions that have decried the decisions arrived at by the court. In an analytical way, the author states that there are instances where the court has shrugged off external opinions regarding judicial interpretation (Smith & Van-Der-Anker, 2005). This is especially in cases where the court is seen to have handed down an unpopular judgment. In other areas, it has been observed that the court has failed to offer compensation to plaintiffs that rightfully deserved compensation. This is one of the reasons why the change of laws to counter the court’s rigidity has been presented by external pressures. The back log of cases that the court is experiencing is a direct result of the lengthy periods that take to interpret laws (Mignon, 2012). This results in inefficiency as speedy judgments are made without due consideration for all the required legal proceedings. In other areas, the court struggles to apply existing laws to new states. This is because the laws may not be directly appl icable in the new states. In conclusion, the author accepts that the creation of the European Court of Human Rights was a formidable idea. Over the years, the court has deliberated on a lot of issues. This is a direct result of law application and understanding (Keller & Sweet, 2008) . However, despite this positive strides, there a few areas that have been left behind. As a result, laws have been misinterpreted, a myriad of cases pending, threats of

Back Pain Causes And Effects Health And Social Care Essay

Back Pain Causes And Effects Health And Social Care Essay Back pain is considered to be the most common reasons for physician visits; it is the largest cause of work-related absence. Back pain is known as Lumbago and can be defined as mild to severe pain or discomfort in the area of the lower back. The pain can be acute (sudden and severe) or chronic if it has lasted more than three months. Strains or sprains of the muscles and ligaments of the back are the most common cause of acute back pain. Injuries, degenerative diseases and Functional back pain due to imbalance are other reasons of back pain. First of all, according to (Chambers R., 2007, p.41) Most of the back strains and sprains occur after a sudden movement associated with bending or twisting, and lifting heavy objects. Therefore, jobs involving lifting, carrying ,pushing, pulling, lowering and holding moving objects have a high risk of getting back pain. For instance, children with their school books or postmen who carry weight on one side may develop great back pain. P.Fysh (1995), citied in his study Back Pain in School Children that in (1994) a Scandinavian study, by Trousler identified the prevalence of back pain in a group of 1,174 school children at 51 percent was due to backpacks. This study also found significance in the risk factors like age and genders those children. Furthermore, back pain that results from job nature is highly reported among workers who have to left a weighty objects. According to Kincla Davis (2009) Carpenters and other construction workers who install drywall have high rates of strains and sprains to the low back and shoulder(p.305). Moreover, muscle strain can occur in the back just like anywhere else in the body, and most likely to affect people in their forties, although it can happen at any age. Straining the back muscles is characterized by sever pain and inability to move. Since strain has several impacts on the body, it can cause the muscles to overstretch or move in such a way that they sustain terrible tears. Also it might lead the tendons and the ligaments that attached the muscles to loss its elasticity, by pulling too far on a muscle, and the area around it can become inflamed which leads to muscle pain. The second major cause of back pain is pregnancy. Usually back pain and pregnancy together. Unfortunately this type of back pain last for several weeks to few months with pregnant women. Its reasons can vary. It can be due to body changes for example, hormonal changes, or it might be due to extra weight the women may gain during the pregnancy period. The body hormones in the pregnant woman tend to relax the ligaments and the muscles that attached to pelvic, to allow fetus and uterus growing may cause many changes in the body and back pain can be a side-effect of these changes. Also A difference in hormone levels can cause muscles and ligaments to become more relaxed, especially during the last few months as the body is getting ready for labour from (Back Pain and Pregnancy, 1999., para, no). Additional to that , the effect of the extra weight and body posture adds extra strain on the pregnant women by pulling the muscles. This means if the pregnant women is holding twins it is definitely the attraction on muscles will be great. Silva A.(2004) loudly echoed that : The weight of the baby can result in a higher degree of curvature of the lower spine, meaning ligaments and muscles must adapt and sometimes can feel strained. The centre of gravity will be slowly changing also, keeping a firm base with feet shoulder width apart will help to counteract this ( p.34-5). and pregnancy period may develop what know as Pregnancy-Related low Back Pain (PLBP), this type of Back Pain often lead to other problems with Significant physical, psychological, and socioeconomic implications, according to Silva(2004, p.39). In addition to that the sleep habit disturbances often associate with such pain. Beside all these effects, fear of abortion always is a pregnant women concern; related to long courses pain killer medicine is used and prescribed or worries of havening child with congenital problems. However pregnancy back pain can be minimized and avoided, standing up straight and straight the muscle by exercise such as swimming are good example of minimizing the back pain. Although, the primary prevention is by not sitting in one position for long time, but massage therapy would be the best technique to use as it is emphasized by Silva Therapeutic massage for low back massage is thought to provide low back pain relief by improving blood flow, reducing muscle stiffness, increasing range of motion, and raising endorphin levels in the body (2004, p.51). The third major cause of back pain is related to the degenerative disk diseases in the back; as part of the natural process of growing older. In fact, it is not an actual disease thus it affect an elderly and retired people. It starts with the disk (shock absorber) that consists of the jelly and lays between the vertebras in the back bone. Over the time this disk slips out and leads the jelly inside the disk to leaks and loses its ability to absorb shocks. Pressing on the nerve and leading into sever pain that may radiate to hip and legs are the majors consequences of disk prolapsed. This problem is widely spread among young men who performer a heavy work, but it is still consider to be ageing process disease. R. Windsor (2008) stressed on this point when he stated in his article that Low Back Pain secondary to degenerative disk disease is a condition that affects young to middle-aged persons with peak incidence at approximately 40 years also he pointed that the prevalence of disk de generation increases with age. Moreover, depression, isolation and restriction in activities are effects of degenerative Disk disease. It is well documented that physical pain can lead to feelings of depression, but a new study from the University of Alberta shows the reverse can be true, as well. When Dr. Linda Carroll, a professor in a Department of Public Health Sciences, led the study that shows Depression is a risk factor for onset of severe neck and low back pain(2003, p.3). The study is published in the Journal Pain. Besides this, people who suffers from pack pain may tend to be isolated from others due to fear of further injury and frustration regarding their condition . This mental status can also indirectly damage the back. Mental stress, dissatisfaction at work, depression and distress can all play a role in back pain. These factors may re-enforce relatively minor pain signals resulting in a much more present pain sensation(Carroll L. 2003, p.5). So, there is a strong connection between stress and back pain, when the tension created by emotional stress can give you a back pain. Also Stress causes the muscles to tighten up. The muscles may tense up so much and they go into painful spasms. Then it followed by reduce blood flow to the tissues and finally the back is less capable of tolerating even mild workload. However, this type of back pain can be also avoided by controlling and reducing the amount of exposure to tensions and stressful life situations. Yoga is a very popular form of relaxation therapy that increases muscle strength as it calms and works out stress. In addition to that exercise is important to reducing stress, by doing early morning walk and implemented as a weekly routine in the person life. Lastly, there are almost as many ways to prevent back pain as there are bad behaviors that cause it. Socioeconomic is another side effect of degenerative or disk diseases. People who suffers back pain have to pay a lot of medical expanses that includes physician fees which is typically high, medication cost and physiotherapy. Eventually this treatment costs are often difficult to be afforded by them. Additional to this, back pain lead to work absenteeism, statistic shown by (Parthan A. 2005, p.14) estimated the annual loss in productivity due to back pain in the United States to be approximately $28 billion. The loss in productivity is primarily due to absenteeism from work. Despite previously discussed causes of back pain, there are still many reasons need to be reviewed like, injury where all the types injures results several back problems, started with strains and end with back bone fracture and never damages. ( Windsor, 2008) has written It is commonly acknowledged that back injury is the most serious health problem experienced by most of the worlds workforce. However, Injury results from fall, road traffic accidents, and sports injury. or even arise from direct blunt impact Objects. Any injury to the back can cause damages to surrounded soft tissue of the spine, bruised and inflamed. And also, some time damages exceed the tissue to reach the bony and nerve structure. Later on the spine becomes stiffer. These injuries may varies can be range from mild, moderate to sever. A good example of midland moderate back pain injury is strain, very treatable in its tow forms. But sever injury may lead to paralyses or even death at the injury onset. To sum up, aside from the usual side effects of back pain, like the disturbance of your sleeping habits and the difficulty in sitting still during extended periods of time, the real concern should be addressed to the causes for back pain. Unfortunately since back muscles are the hardest working muscle group in the body, back pains are a frequent occurrence which indirectly effects it being the hardest to identify condition. It is a good investment to learn all about back pain, the causes and the side effects of back pain, and how it is prevented or if the condition is occurring, how best to relieve the effect.

GRENDEL & FRANKENSTEIN Essay -- essays research papers

GRENDEL & FRANKENSTEIN AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWO "MONSTERS" AND THEIR SUPERIORITY TO MANKIND GRENDEL & FRANKENSTEIN AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWO "MONSTERS" AND THEIR SUPERIORITY TO MANKIND In the desert I saw a creature, naked, bestial, Who, squatting upon the ground, Held his heart in his hands, And ate of it. I said, "Is it good friend?" "It is bitter-bitter," he answered; "But I like it Because it is bitter And because it is my heart." -Stephen Crane This reflects how both Grendel and Frankenstein must have felt during their lonely lives. "Seeking friends, the fiends found enemies; seeking hope, they found hate"(Neilson back page). The monsters simply want to live as the rest of us live. But, in our prejudice of their kind, we banish them from our elite society. Who gave society the right to judge who is acceptable and who is not? A better question might be, who is going to stop them? The answer, no one. Therefore, society continues to alienate the undesirables of our community. Some of the greatest minds of all time have been socially unacceptable. Albert Einstein lived alone and rarely wore the same color socks. Van Gogh found comfort only in his art, and the woman who consistently denied his passion. Edgar Allen Poe was "different" to say the least. Just like these great men, Grendel and Frankenstein do not conform to the societal model. Also like these men, Grendel and Frankenstein are uniquely superior to the rest of mankind. Their superiority is seen through their guile to live in a society that ostracizes their kind, their true heroism in place of society's romantic view, and the ignorance on which society's opinion of them is formed. Grendel, though he needs to kill to do so, functions very well in his own sphere. Grendel survives in a hostile climate where he is hated and feared by all. He lives in a cave protected by firesnakes so as to physically, as well as spiritually, separate himself from the society that detests, yet admires, him. Grendel is "the brute existent by which [humankind] learns to define itself"(Gardner 73). Hrothgar's thanes continually try to extinguish Grendel's infernal rage, while he simply wishes to live in harmony with them. Like Grendel, Frankenstein also learns to live in a society that despises his kind. Frankenstein also must kill... ...evil, he was forced into his way of life by the society that rejected him. After this rejection, Frankenstein "like the arch-fiend, bore a hell within him"(Shelley 136). To each man his own god, and to each man his own devil as well. Frankenstein, "like Coleridge's wedding guest, leaves 'a sadder and wiser man'"(Scott 201). He now better understands his existence and how society wrongfully rejects it. Frankenstein simply wants society to have the "knowledge that might enable [him] to make them overlook the deformity of [his] figure"(Shelley 114). "Man†¦ how ignorant art thou in thy pride of wisdom!"(Shelley 201). Grendel's and Frankenstein's superiority to humankind is made obvious by their ability to live in a society that has ostracized them, the monsters' true heroism in place of humankind's romantic view, and the ignorance on which society's opinion of the monsters is based. "The monsters not only embody our fears of the way certain entities can artificially pervert nature in ourselves and our society, they also speak to us knowledgeably of nature and in a human voice, to tell us we need not be afraid [of them]"(Scott 201).

Financial and non-financial implications of Winston Barkwith’s proposal Essay

Introduction: For my analysis I simplified ‘normative investment process’ model (original source: Pike and Dobbins, 1986), which I would like to use to determine the future viability of the project plan put forward by Winston. The basic idea which underlies the model is that the process of capital investment can be considered to flow from strategic planning through to search for investment opportunities to meet that plan. The opportunities are screened and defined for the subsequent analysis by management. If the project is sanctioned then the investment is made, making sure that there are no cost overruns. Once a project has been commissioned and running for a time it is useful to assess whether it is meeting the expectation promised at the evaluation stage. Audit technique can be used at latter stages to ensure appropriate control. In order to evaluate Winston’s proposal I used in depth qualitative cost-benefit analysis and also numerical techniques, such as cash flow forecast and payback (see Appendix 1). Main body of the report: 1) Strategic plan. Strategic plan of the North West Trust for the Protection of Wildlife is very well reflected in the aims of that organisation, which state the following: â€Å"h to encourage farming practices in the region which will not endanger local animal life; â€Å"h to enable the region’s residents to enjoy the local countryside; â€Å"h to educate the region’s young people on how to look after and enjoy the local countryside and wildlife. 2) Search, Screen and definition of investment opportunities. There are two projects put forward before the committee. One of which is the proposal made by the newly elected chairman of the committee, which involves reorganising Moult Hall property into quad biking course. On the other hand, there is a proposal made by Jonathan and Ingrid, who are senior members of the committee. Their idea is to restructure Moult Hall. This would allow young and disadvantaged members of society access to the property. 3) Evaluation of investment opportunities. In this section of my work I would like to concentrate on the cost-benefit analysis of Winston Barkwith project, because it is one which is most contradictory to organizational aims and raises most concern among the members of the Trust’s committee. I mentioned the word contradictory because according to the opinion of many leading financists capital investment decisions should allocate resources within the organisation to offer the best potential for meeting its objectives. Benefits: As understood by me, the idea of financing profit oriented recreational facility is a relatively new one for the organisation. Therefore, the estimates of future profits and cash flows can’t be made using the past experience as a guide. Consequently, form financial point of view they are going to be subjects to greater risk by being the product of forecasts and estimates. The riskier the project the more return the company is likely to require. In the case of Winston’s proposal we can consider the venture as a diversification, which is usually associated with required return of at least 30%. Although no discount factors are given, the nominal figures predicting amazing cash inflow, which can be used to finance other projects. Use of money from the venture could give the organisation opportunity to help more people than they currently do. Dramatic increase in the capital inflow may  give the Trust prospect to achieve much wider objectives than its original ones, e.g. go nation-wide, create or support government lobby, international ventures, etc. There are other, mainly non-financial, advantages of the proposal as well, such as possible boost to the local economy. Organising of quad biking courses will create money inflow into the local economy, which will be magnified by the positive multiplier effect with the end result being increase in wealth for the local community. Let me demonstrate, employees and sub-contractors paid by the owners of Moult Hall are likely to be spending significant proportion of their incomes in the nearby area, which in turn means increases in revenue for the local businesses. Increase in revenue for businesses is likely to result in greater variety, create jobs and allow for more taxes to be collected by the local council, which than can be spend on such public programmes as support of elderly and disadvantaged members of the local community. Another benefit to the local economy which is likely to occur is an improvement in infrastructure. Improved infrastructure should breathe life into the local community; make Moult Hall’s and the Trust’s facilities more accessible. By accepting Winston’s project the Trust could gain invaluable City contacts. If the situation arises the Trust is likely to be in a better position to raise additional funds. Also, the customer segment the proposal is aiming for are extremely wealthy individuals, they are CEO’s (Chief Executive Officer) of large corporations. By cleverly promoting itself the Trust can attract some very influential beneficiaries or even become sponsored by one of the companies. It is not an unrealistic thought, since in the UK many companies which finance charitable organisations often get tax breaks from the government. To add more weight to my arguments in favour of Winston Barkwith proposal I would like to bring forward idea which belongs to one of the leading economic thinkers of the modern era. Milton Friedman of University of  Chicago holds the view that all businesses should use the resources available to them as efficiently as possible. Friedman argues that making the highest possible profit creates maximum possible wealth to the benefit of the whole society. Costs: A good starting point would be the issue of finance. It may be difficult to find finance capital for such a risky venture. It is unlikely that the Trust will have extra four hundred thousands to spend on the project with such a degree of risk. It is a new to the organisation business, there is a high chance of failure. Few of the possible reasons can be overstated or unrealistic customer figures; it may be illegal to destroy woodlands in the area. Also, the Trust, more likely than not, will have to apply for the planning permission for the stable conversion and the petrol tank installation, etc. To continue I would like to remind that organizational aims are the long-term intentions of the organisation to develop in a certain way. Their purpose is to create a common vision which everyone in the organisation should work towards achieving. They use the language intended to motivate within the firm and to convince those outside it of the company’s sincerity and commitment. By accepting Winston’s proposal the Trust will be acting against its stated aims. If the Trust will decide in favour of quad biking facility it will have serious detrimental effect on the local wildlife and farming practices. It will be especially harmful for the re-introduction of red kites project, which is supported by the Trust. An organisation’s aims should establish which stakeholder needs will be identified and considered when strategic policy is developed. Balancing the interests of stakeholders can be extremely difficult, if the aims of some of these groups conflict. The decision to continue with Winston’s proposal would undermine interests of existing stakeholders of the business, people who donated their money for the Trust to accomplish its organisational objectives. The trust is a charitable organisation. Its ethical behaviour is its unique selling point (USP). It will be really difficult to continue it’s fund raising activities if its existing beneficiaries will be thinking that their money invested into some profitable business ventures. On the finance side the organisation may loose more than it gains, since it is currently receiving eight hundred thousands from donations only. Bad publicity may outset revenue from the project (800k vs. 750k). The committee consists of people who look like they have strong ethical values. Introduction of unethical policy, which Winston’s proposal is, can create divisions within the organisation. One can even argue that by accepting the project the committee members would act in direct contradiction to morals which motivated the founder of the Wildlife Trust Doreen Barkwith. Conclusion: To a large extent but not entirely the proposal made by Jonathan and Ingrid is a better option for the organisations long-term growth and objectives. However, the Winston’s proposal no doubt is a more financially sound one. Nevertheless, one needs to remember that ethics are the moral principles that should underpin decision-making. An ethical decision means doing what is morally right; it is not a matter of scientifically calculating costs and benefits. A decision made on ethical grounds might reject the most profitable solution in favour of one of greater benefit to society as well the firm. On the other hand, we all have different world views and different interpretations of what is beneficial for society. Therefore, I would suggest a more democratic approach to the decision making or find a human solution, such as to use less noisy vehicles, go with a different proposal or even building indoor track course.

Explication of Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Example

Explication of Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Example Explication of Dulce Et Decorum Est Paper Explication of Dulce Et Decorum Est Paper Explication of Dulce Et Decorum Est SITUATION The poem doesn’t really tell a story, but walks through all the dreadful situations through the eyes of an innocent and shell-shocked soldier. It is told through a WWI veteran’s point of view in second person. By examining this â€Å"war† poem and Wilfred Owen’s background, it is reasonable to believe that Own is talking about his experience during war. Therefore making the speaker, he himself. Owen is talking to everyone that does not know the realistic feeling of war up in the frontlines. He painfully expresses all the horrific scenes he had to go through. Through remembering it, his description of the mood is very dreary and cold. It kills all sense of joy and secures one in pity and sorrow. With Owen explaining his experience [the poem] of war, one can definitely trust the speaker. Tone: The speaker’s attitude toward the subject is bitter and full of grief, because he’s talking about his horrific experience up on the frontlines. The appropriate tone of voice to read this out loud is to read it in a humble, soft and respectful voice. This is not a poem that is to be seen as a positive. Phrases including, â€Å"coughing like hags,† â€Å"ecstasy of fumbling,† and words like â€Å"coughing,† â€Å"drowning,† and â€Å"choking† give a clue to the tone of this work. STRUCTURE Form: This poem is separated into four stanzas. Instead of explaining everything at once, it equally divides a significant part of the speaker’s experience into each stanza. This poem holds an ABABCDCD rhyme scheme and does not follow the â€Å"free form. The poet chose this form for this poem because it makes it easy for him [the poet] to write such a vividly gruesome poem and allow it to be easily understood by the reader. Movement: The poem begins with the explaining the how tired all the soldiers are throughout the war, then goes into the combat they face; it later finishes off with the reason why the soldiers fought. The images and ideas developed are all chronologically structured because it expla ins what happened after the marching soldiers were hit by gas, then bleeding to death. The poem’s attitude circles back to the same attitude held at the beginning. It continues to be dreary, sorrowful and dead. Syntax: This poem is separated into nine sentences. However; these sentences are get complicated towards the middle and the end. They begin with a moderate length, but carry on to be longer, especially in the last stanza. Most of the time, the verbs are in front of the nouns because it allows Owen to descriptively explain what is happening, rather than illustrating what is the target [noun]. Punctuation: Punctuations including semicolons, commas, hyphens, exclamations points, apostrophes and colons all rest in this work. No, the punctuation does not always coincides with the end of a poetic line (enjambment); most of the lines end with a comma to add more to the thought in the following line. This is one reason to Owen’s complicated sentences. Yes, punctuation is in the middle of some lines, because it provides more information to what the poet is trying to say. There were multiple things that went on; therefore there is a lot to say. Title: The title means, it is sweet and right to die for one’s country. This poem is about soldiers fighting and dying in war for their country. Given that the title means this, it portrays the reason why soldiers fight in war; to protect and die for the country. Language Diction: The language in this poem is simple yet formal. The simple language is very much visible in the easily understandable and descriptive language, and the formal is seen through the use of the more complex words and language of the time during the war. These types of languages also reflect on the overall mood of the poem. Through such descriptive and interesting words, readers can better understand the feel of how dark and depressing the war front was. Words like â€Å"blood-shod†, â€Å"coughing† and â€Å"sick of sin† people can better feel the sickening horror that occurred during World War I. Allusions: There isn’t a lot of allusion as many of the references are of the actual events to the time of war. However, the poem does include a reference of a dead man’s face to the devils. He says that the man’s face looks like a â€Å"devil’s sick of sin†. Owen also makes a reference to the guns of that time. He talks about the danger and terror brought by the â€Å"Five-Nines†. With such powerful images and connections, one can better understand the horror and pain that must have existed in that soldier’s life. Imagery: The majority of the poem is making connections. This poem lacks certain factors such as a lot of personification, but it makes up for these defects through the use of many metaphors and similes. Using these, Owen greatly portrays the pain felt by the soldiers and their â€Å"coughing† and sickness throughout the â€Å"green sea† of gas. These powerful images create a better picture of the harsh conditions of fighting in World War I. Musical Devices Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme throughout the poem is ABABCDCDEFEFGHGHIJIJKLKLMNMN. This rhyming pattern is very formal as each rhyming couplet is a true rhyme. They all fit perfectly and Wilfred Owen even intertwines some internal rhyme such as â€Å"you too† in this poem. The rhyming patterns throughout create a better flow for readers as they better understand this poem’s meaning. Rhythm or Meter: There are a lot of patterns of rhythm in this poem. In the rhyme scheme, there are ten masculine rhymes with four feminine rhymes tied in. This mixture of rhythms shows the dramatic difference of the rhymes and adds to the effect of the depressing tone of the poem. Wilfred Owen also uses other sound devices seen through his alliteration such as, â€Å"Knock-kneed† and â€Å"someone still†. These alliterations create a better flow and add emphasis to certain words. Owen also executes sound through assonance, consonance, and repetition. Using internal rhymes like â€Å"green sea†, repetitive sounds like â€Å"from the froth† and his repeating words like â€Å"Gas! Gas! † Owen can create a nicer flow in his poem that keeps readers more interested and focused on the overall emphasis that these devices create. Using sound and rhythm, Wilfred Owen creates a more easily and powerful understanding of his overall effect of this poem. This poem has changed our attitude through Owen’s portrayal of the harshness that occurred in World War I. This attitude change has also allowed us to see that it is not always sweet and fitting to dies for one’s country. It is not as noble of an act as originally told. Wilfred Owen’s devices help create this heavy atmosphere that has allowed to better understand the true feel of life on the warfront. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori stands for Sweet and fitting it is to die for ones country. Written by Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est is about the realities of war. War isnt always as sweet and fitting as some would lead us to believe. Instead, in war, everyone involved is affected: every soldier, every family member, and every person caught in the crossfire. Soldiers face pain and suffering that a regular person can not fathom through rose-colored glasses.

Biological attack involves the deliberate discharge Essays

Biological attack involves the deliberate discharge Essays Biological attack involves the deliberate discharge Paper Biological attack involves the deliberate discharge Paper Biological attack involves the deliberate discharge of germs or other biological substances that can cause health problem or sickness. Agents of biological attack have to be either eaten, inhaled or enter through a cut in the skin. Some biological agents cause contagious diseases such as smallpox virus while others such as anthrax do not have a contagious effect. (Leonard, 2002 pp 120-127) In the event of a biological attack, there are various duties that are performed by the various police departments in an effort to save and make it safe for people in the affected area. The primary functions performed at the scene of a biological attack remain fairly consistent and are performed by different bodies within the police force as follows; Patrol officers The role of the patrol officers in a biological attack include; Incident size up and assessment: This is the basic step in the rescue efforts of the police in an incident of biological attack. The patrol police are responsible for assessment of the area of attack. Crowd control: This is a basic step whereby the patrol police control the movement of the crowd after an assessment of the attacked area to determine a secure way out to avoid other forms of attacks. Scene security: This is the provision of physical security in the area of attack which allows evacuation efforts to begin where necessary. Determination of protective clothing and equipment as well as pre-entry examination. Entry of the contaminated area for rescue of victims as needed. Investigators The investigators are entitled to:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scene control and introduction of perimeters: This is done to facilitate the process of investigation and also enhance security of the investigators.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product identification: This is the gathering of information about the nature of the agent used in the attack. This information gathering process is also useful to medical personnel as it helps in treatment of the victims. Information gathering may take different perspectives including interviewing witnesses, and sample collection if available. (Joshua, 1999 pp 34-78)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recording of necessary information at the scene of crime.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reporting of the findings at the place of attack to the relevant authorities. HAZMAT This is a crucial stage in a biological attack response program. The hazmat are responsible for decontamination process of the hazardous materials.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To determine the area to carry out decontamination  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Planning entry and equipment preparation.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Entry to the scene and rescue of victims as appropriate.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Containment of the spills or release of agent of attack  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The neutralization of the release  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Decontamination of victims and other rescuers  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formation of a triangle of the ill injured  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consultation with hospital personnel in the decontamination process

The Common COld Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Common COld - Essay Example However it is not as serious as the flu because the cold are caused by a virus that that invades the cells in the nose and then replicate. The concentration of the virus is highest and contagious during the first two days before the person show any kind symptoms. This is the reason why infected children and medical staff can spread it before they show the signs of illness. This paper will analyze how its spreads, the type of viruses involves, the symptoms and the medication that can be provided. Common cold viruses are the most contagious prior to the symptoms showing for about three days of the cold. There are over 100 common cold viruses. This means that young children can get one cold after another. This can make the child quite discomforted but it is also good in a way in that, the child will develop more resistance to each virus and will reduce the frequency of being sick with common cold. Anybody is capable of infecting or spreading the virus. Cold viruses can be spread through discharge from the nose or throat. This can either be by through coughing kissing, sneezing, sharing eating utensils and getting into contact with infected objects. It is important to know that money, keys, toothbrushes and even door knobs can harbour these viruses. However, they can only leave on non human surface for about one to two hours. The common cold also known as rhinitis or coryza is known to be caused by a group of several of viruses. They include coronaviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza, repiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The one that is the prominent or dominant are the rhinoviruses though it seldom causes a serious illness. However, other viruses like paraainfluenza and RSV can produce severe respiratory illness in children and infants. This means that these two kinds of viruses are virulent. Coronaviruses are those viruses that tend to give adults common cold. These viruses cause cold during winter and early summer. Influenza (the flu) is also caused by a virus, eit her Influenze A or Influenza B. This is a viral disease of the upper respiratory tract. The disease affects the nose. It has the following symptoms sore throat, coughing, fever and running nose, which in most cases resolve in a weeks’ time. However, there are other symptoms, which last for almost three weeks. Over 100 viruses are associated with the cause of common cold. The most common are rhinoviruses. This makes the patient have show symptoms of sore throat, cough, muscle ache .head ache and fatigue. Occasionally, the common cold may be complicated by a bacterial infection for example, pneumonia, sinus infections. It is vital that these complications are treated with the appropriate antibiotics. There are numerous symptoms that can indicate that a person has been infected by common cold. These symptoms are evident after two to three days after the person has been infected with the virus. These include; tiredness, swelling of the sinuses, difficulty breathing through the no se, sore throat, sneezing, headache, and mucus builds upon the nose. Although fever is uncommon in adults who have been infected with the common cold virus, it is prevalent in children and can rise up to 102?F . Children should seek medical attention if it goes higher than this. These symptoms can last up to two weeks but, for those who take medication, it can last up to 10 days. Other

Supply, Demand, & Equilibrium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply, Demand, & Equilibrium - Essay Example In the first case, it will look at farmers, factory workers, engineers, and teachers. It should be noted that these occupations have generally unlimited supply meaning a lot of people can be employed in these jobs. In the United States alone, factory workers and engineers abound looking for a job. Thus, we can see an upward sloping curve where more workers will be willing to work for a higher income. The demand on the other hand is more or less horizontal as the job market generally has limited slots for teachers, factory workers, engineers, and farmers. The, intersection of demand and supply determines the average wage. It should be noted that this is often fixed and is determined by the demand curve. The workers under consideration often accept what is offered by the companies which hire them. The market of professional sports players are also competitive yet faces a far different situation than what is discussed above. It should be noted that as opposed to the market of typical players, professional sports players supply is limited because their career is often determined by their skills and abilities together with the reception of audiences to them. The length and intensity of training required for a professional player is far from what is undergone by an ordinary farmer or factory worker. It should be noted that the supply curve of professional players is upward sloping yet more leftward than the case of farmer, teachers, engineers, and factory workers as these players require more compensation for their trainings and performance. In the market of professional players, some players are even paid higher than the others. Look at the case of Michael Jordan compared to other basketball players. It is irrefutable that he is paid more than four times what is being paid the a verage player in NBA. In his case, the supply curve is vertical because there is only one Michael Jordan. Because his reservation wage is