midterm study Essay Example

midterm study Paper Ebbinghaus found that information is forgotten ________. quickly at first, then tapers off gradually The processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval are seen as part of the ________ model of memory. information processing The portion of memory that is more or less permanent is called ________. long-term memory According to Robert Sternberg, ________ refers to the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving. This is the type of intelligence that is measured by intelligence tests and academic achievement tests. analytical intelligence Any behavior that is voluntary is referred to as a(n) ________. operant What term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it? confirmation bias Repeating items over and over in order to aid memory is known as ________ rehearsal. maintenance Shaquin finished his term paper and handed it in. As he walked out of the classroom, he realized that there were a few more things he should have included in the paper. Shaquins problem is the ________ component of memory. retrieval A group of businessmen and women get together to try to solve the problem of decreased sales of their companys products. One of them suggests that they generate as many ideas as they can in a short period of time without being critical of any of them. This technique of stimulating divergent thinking is called ________. brainstorming ________ is retention of memory for some period of time. Storage Information gets from sensory memory to short-term memory through the process of ________. selective attention Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning? Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement. Most standardized tests of intelligence have a distribution of scores that ________. follows the normal curve Bits of information are combined into meaningful units so that more information can be held in short-term memory through the process of ________. chunking When asked to recall the date of John Kennedys assassination, Peter draws a blank; however, when asked whether it was October 24, 1962, November 22, 1963, or February 1, 1965, he correctly answers with the second of the choices. This example most clearly demonstrates the value of ________. retrieval cues Chunking is a means of ________. combining information into meaningful units Which memory system is the one that is a working, active system that processes the information within it? short-term memory Pragmatics are defined as ________. the practical aspects of communicating with others, or the social nicetiesof language Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlovs analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as ________. an unconditioned response The first true longitudinal study of the effects of giftedness on social success was conducted by ________. Terman When given a list of items to remember, people tend to do better at recalling the first items on the list than the middle of the list. This is known as the ________. primacy effect Which of the following is an example of a test using recall? All of these are examples that use recall. Concepts are ideas that represent ________. a class or category of objects, events, or activities Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called ________. flashbulb memories In an experiment, two groups of dogs are given shocks to their feet. One group is able to escape the shocks by jumping over a barrier. The second group is harnessed and cannot escape. After several trials, both groups are put in situations where they CAN escape. The first group escapes the shocks but the second group just sits and whines, refusing to attempt to escape. The response of the second group is due to ________. learned helplessness People with dementia typically have a memory problem known as ________. anterograde amnesia What problem-solving strategies dont guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time? heuristics ________ rehearsal results in a more lasting memory and promotes the transfer of information to long-term memory compared to ________ rehearsal. Elaborative; maintenance The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called ________. mental set Dallas is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 10 years. His IQ would be ________. 100 A group of psychologists reviews the literature on the heritability of intelligence. They conclude that most of the estimates indicate that ________ percent of intelligence is due to genetics. 50 In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called ________. successive approximations A ________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch. primary The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called ________. operant conditioning Which of these is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation? IQ below 70 Which of the following statements is true regarding punishment? All of these statements are true. After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not ________ had occurred. stimulus generalization Which of the following statements about learning is NOT true? Learning is another word for maturation. Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking? How many uses can you think of for a stapler? According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called Language Acquisition Device (LAD) A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and, thus, ________ the probability of a response. removed; increases Which memory system has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades? long-term memory A seemingly arbitrary flash out of the blue,through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you figured it out, is called ________. insight Culture-fair tests attempt to measure ________. the intelligence of people coming from outside the culture in which the test was devised If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated. If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated.This is a statement of ________. Thorndikes Law of Effect ________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage. Memory In this view, memories are literally builtfrom the pieces stored away at encoding. This view is called ________. constructive processing What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response? punishment When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal resulting in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as ________. punishment by removal The research of Eich and Metcalf would suggest that if you were really happy when you were learning math, you should be ________ when taking the math exam to do well. happy

How Important Is Home Stay To Thai Tourism Tourism Essays

How Important Is Home Stay To Thai Tourism Tourism Essays How Important Is Home Stay To Thai Tourism Tourism Essay How Important Is Home Stay To Thai Tourism Tourism Essay one of the most popular place stay finishs in the North which is over developed, and Chiang Khan in Loei state , a development place stay finish in the nor-east of Thailand. Some people said that Chiang Khan is Pai of the yesteryear. Within Pai itself, there is a motion to defy against the surpluss that has spoilt Pai and destroyed its peaceable rural character that had drawn people to it in the first topographic point. Thailand is a underdeveloped state that attempts to turn and touristry is an industry that can significantly assist excite economic growing. Consequently, when place stay touristry improves, it will spread out the power of supply and assist pull more tourers. Therefore, sustainable development is the better manner to equilibrate the development and maintain the original character. Logically, the more travel finishs developed, the more tourers will come and the more money the state will gain. Keywords: Home stay, Thailand, Sustainable development Introduction Tourism makes a major part to Thailand s economic system. Most tourers come to Thailand for assorted grounds largely for the beaches and relaxation. The friendly, easy-going ways of the Thai people besides proves a draw to most tourers, every bit good as the rich Thai civilization, imposts and history. The new selling motto which was adopted in mid 2009, Amazing Thailand, Amazing Value , and the authorities s stimulation bundle besides seemed to hold helped change by reversal the downward tendency for the latter half of 2009 and for the present twelvemonth. Furthermore, presents, most people are concerned about the consequence of planetary heating and are returning to nature ; in another word Green has become a new motto for tourers. Not merely Green but besides Sustainable are the popular words more and more tourers are fanning out into the countryside to be closer to nature. Consequently, rural touristry makes usage of the countryside as a finish. It is a important sector of overall touristry market in many states. It will impact non merely the environment but besides the economic system and societal construction of the countryside. The figure of activities that tourers participate in has grown. For illustration, agri-tourism ( agricultural, festivals and other cultural events ) , green touristry ( considered to be more environmentally friendly ) and ecotourism ( nature touristry ) . Home stay is a portion of rural touristry. In add-on, sustainable touristry development is synonymous with rural touristry. Nowadays, place stay to uristry in Thailand has become really popular for both domestic and foreign tourers. Part of the ground may be due to the consequence of the universe economic crisis, with most tourers worrying about their budget and traveling in this sort of place stay touristry costs less. So, the Thai Government quickly develop Thai place stay to run into this new demand for economical bundles. But it can be a two-edged blade with both positive and negative sides. Therefore, we must happen the right balance. Definition of Home stay Home stay is a signifier of touristry that allows the visitant to lease a room from a local household to remain and better larn the local life style and portion their civilization. It is comparable to the western construct of bed and breakfasts. A place stay belongings is a non-commercialized, private abode that accommodates paying guest ( s ) who enjoy remaining in the comfort and security of a household place. In Thailand, the history of place stay began with pupils who were voluntaries for rural development cantonments and who stayed with the local people during the class of their cantonment. Then, National Economic and Social program 8th emphasized the development of communities and decentalisation to local countries and place stay had its first formal acknowledgment. The attractive force of place stay is the manner of life of the local people and natural attractive forces are non ever considered an indispensable portion. There are two types of place stay in Thailand which are th e original and practical . In the original place stay construct, tourers stay with the host and unrecorded under the same conditions as the proprietor. In the practical place stay, conditions are improved for more physical comfort but the construct of an easy manner of life and alone civilization is non abandoned. However, the significance of place stay is engagement in community life in which local people manage activities together. The activities vary from topographic point to topographic point and harmonizing to seasonal fluctuations. They may include Thai culinary, Thai massage, farm life etc. Furthermore, OTOP ( One tambon one merchandise ) is a construct whereby local people are encouraged to do local merchandises for sale to hike their income. The proprietors are encouraged to believe that each visitant is a invitee, non merely a tourer ( tourismthailand.org ) . They are a portion of the household. Home stay is merely another occupation for the place proprietor. When tourers come he will widen them his welcome but he still retains his chief occupation such as fisherman or husbandman. The advantages of place stay are the local cognition that will be gained from the host, understanding the easy manner of life and see the natural kindness of the local people. Furthermore, the local peopl e receive more income but they do non abandon their chief occupation. In add-on, they portion the experience with the tourers, acquire more friends and the community can go strong. In the age of globalisation, many people live in a competitory universe so many people now want to research the easy life and a life of simple sufficiency as an alternate manner of life. An extra benefit of place stay adjustment is that most of the money earned goes to the grassroot local people, instead into a big pudding stone? The local place proprietors get most of the money paid by the tourers. This has a more significant benefit to a community, instead that if a big hotel concatenation was to open a big hotel and simply employ local people as hotel staff. Most of the net incomes will so travel to the hotel concatenation, with most of it likely sent out of the state. The proprietor and adjustment should run into the criterion of place stay in Thailand. The Tourism Authority of Thailand has set 10 criterions and 31 indexs. Demand for place stay in Thailand The bulk of income in Thailand comes from agribusiness and touristry. Income from touristry is important for the Thai economic system in footings of spread outing and stableness of the economic system. Tourism in Thailand caters both to domestic and foreign travellers. Nowadays, Thailand in faced with negative state of affairss which decreased the assurance of tourers from 2008 until now. TAT expects the figure of international tourers will turn at about 7 to 10 % to about 15.0 to 15.5 million in 2010 ( Tourism Authority of Thailand.com ) . The Bank of Thailand stated that there are 1.6 million foreign tourers who traveled to Thailand in February 2010 which represented a bead from last twelvemonth. Domestic tourers were non peculiarly affected by the political state of affairs. It was more influenced by the economic lag and fluctuating oil monetary values in the first and 2nd quarters of 2009. Local travellers have changed their traveling wonts, are more witting of travel disbur sals, and are be givening to see tourer finishs closer to place ( Tourism Authority of Thailand.com ) . The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board predicted the economic system would turn at 3 to 4 % due to the planetary economic recovery and the authorities s Thai Khem Khaeng ( Stronger Thailand ) economic stimulation programme. New tourer attractive forces and activities that reflect the civilization and manner of a peculiar part will besides be introduced. Therefore, the authorities supports and purposes at the recovery of the Thai touristry market through marketing runs viz. route shows to reconstruct the image of Thailand and promotional advertizements under the Amazing Thailand, Amazing Value construct. Home stay is one of the better finishs which has proved attractive to both international and domestic tourers. It is a portion of touristry in Thailand which continues to turn and gain income because it is set in rural countries far from the negative effects of political perturbations, is non expensive and brings visitants into close contact with nature. The tourers can loosen up among friendly local people. Therefore, the measuring and apprehension of the demand and supply for touristry is of import to overall touristry planning and direction. We will cognize overall image of the development, growing and value of touristry. All tourist behaviour or activity consequences from motive. Motivation is the context of the demand for touristry. Motivations have both push and pull factors together. The push factors are socio-psychological motivations ( person-specific factors ) . The pull factors are motivations aroused by the finish ( destination-specific factors ) . Tourists who go to place stay finishs normally have both push and pull factors. They want to loosen up, be near to nature and portion cognition, which are push factors. The pull factors are from the easy manner of life of the people, alone civilization and eco-friendliness. For illustration, a mini-farm is a magnet for tourers who travel with kids. Largely, domestic tourers normally go to place stay by auto because some topographic points are non far from urban centres such as Bangkok. It does non take excessively much clip to plunge oneself in relaxation, fresh air and flight from the complicated metropolis life. In contrast, international tourers largely are backpackers normally stay a long clip in place corsets because of inexpensive monetary values but besi des because of the composure, relaxed life manner and the ability to research new experience. Supply of the Home stay in Thailand On the supply side, the development of place stay is go oning in Thailand. It is stimulated by the demand which comes from tourer demands. Some people want more comfort, some want field, simple installations, others demand higher criterions. So, the local people work together toward the development of criterions for place stay installations in Thailand. Sometime, the popularity of a finish can take to mass touristry. Mass touristry is a state of affairs where a big figure of tourers go to one topographic point, sometime taking to an overload of local installations. This can take to farther development of conveyance and other public-service corporations until the easy manner of life disappears. Furthermore, it will adversely impact to the environment. Pai in Mae Hong Son state and Chiang Khan in Loei state are illustrations of popular place stay finishs in Thailand that have been developed to different grades. One has already been spoilt and the other is defying against a inclination toward over development. Pai is a little territory in Mae Hong Son which was an ideal finish, being nestled in a little vale surrounded by mountains with cool conditions. It was a romantic topographic point with friendly people can rich civilization. Some people have referred to the small town as called Uto-Pai, miming the name Utopia of Sir Thomas More. All this has made Pai really good known as caches of tourers are drawn to it. Material development followed and shortly the little small town of Pai had its ain air strip where tourers can get after a mere 25 proceedingss from Chiang Mai. Hotels and resorts besides sprang up in its aftermath. All these development had a negative consequence on the local dweller ; while they used to be wont to retiring to bed early after a difficult twenty-four hours s work, they are now disturbed by loud music at amusement topographic points tardily at dark. Music festivals became hebdomadal events in the winter months. Some local people sold their land to capitalists and travel to the foothills for the interest of peace and quiet. These alterations reflect the fact that Pai is altering quickly in both positive and negative ways. In add-on, local kids are falling to enticements from the western ways of tourers. Some local people said these development are more like impairment. Not merely Pai but Chiang Khan ( a territory on the bank of the Mekong river in Loei state ) , a comparatively recent place stay finish, is confronting similar jobs. The struggle between local people and authorities is looming. The authorities wants to develop the town to provide to more and more tourers, but many local people want to see a steady growing of Chiang Khan. They want Chiang Khan to be strong, to retain its rural qualities and command itself. They do non desire more bright visible radiations in Chiang Khan, do non desire to follow the modern tendency because tourers come and go quickly and make non remain a long clip. Nowadays, some of the local people in Chiang Khan are already shuting rank in a battle against quickly over development. They have formed a touristry association within which they discussed the jobs of Westernization and over development which has plagued Pai. They have started a web site where every one is welcomed to add remarks. They are contending again st bright visible radiations, loud music and weekend concerts that have combined to destruct Pai s rural character. They want touristry in Chiang Khan to be sustainable. They do non desire Chiang Khan to hold luxury boutique hotels , modern saloon or franchise java store ironss. They want Chiang Khan to retain its rural character with an easy manner of life, place corsets based on original houses without luxuriant ornament, so when tourers come they will experience like they are the portion of the household and java is still hand-brewed traditional java. Some people said that Chiang Khan is Pai of the yesteryear. Therefore, before Chiang Khan alterations like Pai we must to assist each other. Sustainable development of Home stay in Thailand Tourism, if developed locally, can assist to ease the poorness job, cut down income disparity and accomplish a friendly environment every bit good as common prosperity. Tourism brings non merely benefits but besides costs and if non good managed may sabotage its sustainability in the long tally. In Thailand, touristry has a positive income bring forthing consequence but potentially worsening income distribution ( Mingsan Kaosa-ard 2006 ) . The best manner to equilibrate the development is through sustainable development in which every portion must work together. Sustainable Development is development that satisfies the client demands now but does non destruct tomorrow s resources. The Pareto Optimum provinces that no 1 can be made better off by doing person worse off ( businessdictionary.com ) . Customer demands lead to marketing research and stuff development. That is the selling procedure. After that, planning and direction are indispensable for accomplishing successful touristry development. Sustainable Tourism Development emphasizes the direction of touristry industry must accommodate itself harmonizing to the altering face of the universe in term of sustainable form. There are three parametric quantities of sustainability which are economic ( good being ) , environment ( ecological balance ) and socio-cultural considerations ( Sense of community and security ) . For illustration, the development should makes more money while at the same clip hold a minimal consequence on the environment and social-cultural model. The key to sustainable touristry development is to educate communities so that they understand the negative impacts of mass touristry and the bound to the ecosystem s carrying capacity, and to develop diversified tourer merchandises that can minimise the negative impact of mass touristry. For case, in France they have standard and label for adjustment which confirm the criterion and measure the criterion and quality every five old ages. The label is one of selling scheme which make good image of the merchandise. Furthermore, they separate the demand equal in every countries and every portion works together. Those are the good illustration for the development of place stay which Thailand should accommodate for the development of place stay in Thailand. Amphawa drifting market ( Plai Pong Pag community ) is a good illustration of place stay in Thailand which supports many tourers every twelvemonth. It affects the quality of life of the local people, while the quickly lifting figure of tourers has inescapably led to a impairment in the environment. Most of the place stay topographic points have non attained the criterion of place stay in Thailand even though this is the first community to establish the construct of place stay, but they have failed to run into the place stay criterions. Because some place stay have transformed their places so much that they became more like resorts and they do non fit the makings of the place stay standard. Home stay will acquire the criterion when they do non add more edifice and tourers must remain with the proprietor. Harmonizing to that job, National economic and societal program 9th stated that sustainable touristry in Thailand which wants to be a quality finish and ready in supply of touristry f or support many tourers. We can convey cognition of France to Thailand ; non in its entireness but we can accommodate it. The authorities should hold an effectual and systemic program such as puting policies or Torahs for the community and supply for punishments for perpetrators. It is difficult for the authorities in Thailand to widen proper attention to the place stay concern in some communities because the local people worry about revenue enhancement and are non ever forthcoming with information for the authorities. So, the authorities should set up an institute which can win the assurance of the local people and show the significance of the criterion and effectual direction to the local people. The negative impacts on Pai and Chiang Khan happened because of civilisation, but the impact on Amphawa was due to the ignorance of the local people. Therefore, the development is a two-edged blade that can hold both advantages and disadvantages if we are uneffective. The best solution is the cooperation of everybody, get downing with community engagement and the support of the authorities. The authorities decentralizes budgets to the community but continue to give proficient advices to the local people. After that, policies such as the bound on the figure of tourers will go on non merely to care for the environment but for the interest of tourers who do non desire to be in a topographic point crowded with other tourers ; they can loosen up and be closer to nature. Furthermore, the local people can take attention of all tourers like a portion of the household. Do non bury that sustainable development is the better manner of development and sustainable concern three things which are e conomic system, environment and besides socio-cultural parts. Decision In decision, touristry constitutes a major portion of the Thai economic system, embracing both domestic and international tourers. Home stay is an alternate signifier of touristry which is based in the rural country that tourists stay and unrecorded with the local people. They can portion the experience and civilization. In Thailand, place stay began with the pupil voluntary for rural development cantonments and after National economic and societal program 8th place stay was developed until now. The motives for travel place stay have both push and pull factors. The push factors normally are for relaxation. Largely, domestic tourers go to place stay by auto and relax for two or three yearss, but international tourers frequently stay much longer. The pull factors normally are the easy manner of life, close contact with nature and fresh air. Material development is important for place stay because it has both positive and negative sides. Material development can assist pull tourers, alt hough consideration must be given to suited signifiers of development that should non destruct the original attractive force of the topographic point. It is a good selling scheme to better the quality of place stay adjustment. The place stay criterions have been laid down in Thailand, but most of the place corsets in Thailand still do non run into them, such as in Amphawa. Furthermore, some topographic points such as Pai is overloaded with tourers while Chiang Khan is still seeking to defy this tendency toward over-development. Pai and Chiang Khan show both advantages and disadvantages of stuff development. The solution for a balance is sustainability which centres on economic, environmental and socio-cultural considerations. France can be a good illustration for sustainable development. Thai place stay should accommodate it and follow it right now. The authorities should get down by educating the local people and so transport out research on client demands, selling scheme, planning and direction. In add-on, strong policies are important, with a demand for punishments for those who break the regulations. The importance is the cooperation of everybody in the state, because everybody is portion of the patterned advance of Thailand.

Mobile devices Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mobile devices - Assignment Example Mobile devices enable communication by facilitating the process within which information and data is shared within an organization. This includes the exchange of information and data between the management and employees. For example information about the operations of organizations is communicated to the management team so that it is used to reach strategic decisions on how efficiency and effectiveness can be achieved within the organization. The interaction between an organization with stakeholders within the external environment such as consumers, suppliers, distributors, retailers and shareholders is facilitated through the use of mobile devices and as a result increasing the effectiveness of an organization in meeting its goals and objectives. For example mobile devices are used to answer the queries of consumers and their problems and concerns which cause them to be satisfied with the products and services that are rendered by the organization. In this sense therefore mobile devices allow organizations to effectively meet their goals of achieving a larger share of the market and wining the loyalty of consumers through effective and efficient service delivery and presentation of high quality and authentic products to the market. More importantly the effectiveness of an organization’s supply and value chains is facilitates through the use of mobile devices as a communication strategy through which effective int eraction is achieved with the suppliers, distributors and retailers of the organization’s products. Furthermore mobile devices enhance interaction with marketers and as a result facilitate the effectiveness of promotion of the organization’s good and services to the market which leads to higher sales. This therefore defines an effective organization as facilitate by the role of mobile devices in promoting interactivity with the stakeholders of the

Critically consider the ways in which economists have recognised the Essay

Critically consider the ways in which economists have recognised the psychological, social and corporate influences on consumer choice - Essay Example the use of a popular person like an actor or talk-show host/hostess. Social influences are often attributed to class and culture such as those associated with the consumption of luxury goods. Corporate influences are said to be one of the most influential because they invariably come from the very manufacturers and sellers of those goods. For example businesses adopt a variety of strategies or/and sales tactics including those associated with benchmarking products and creating brand loyalties through value creation (Hallberg & Ogilvy, 1995). Consumers have to make a choice between two or more goods before making an actual purchase. In a free market economy where price mechanism alone allocates scarce resources consumer choice is naturally assumed to be free from any influences because depending on the purchasing ability of the consumer he/she might decide to buy a good at its market price. However the contrary is much truer than this theoretical economic explanation to the consumer’s behavior. In the first instance in a free market economy the producer has an equal amount of freedom to use marketing tactics to attract the attention of the potential customer. Customers are influenced by a variety of sales tactics that producers use in order to increase sales volumes. Psychological, social and corporate influences are the most predominant among them. Economists identify psychological influences such as those related to emotions, impulse or/and ostentation. According to economists emotional involvement in consumer choice though might not be measurable, cannot be ruled out altogether (Luce, Bettman and Payne, 2001). As a result every consumer is assumed to be influenced by positive and negative emotional factors like personal memories associated with a product. Michael Jackson related merchandise and memorabilia for instance have such an emotional impact on many potential buyers because he is associated with the firmament of pop music. When

Simulating Dialysis Essay Example for Free

Simulating Dialysis Essay Why do you think the urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? How well did the results compare with your prediction? __ The molecules were to large to go through. My results matched._ 3.Describe the results of the attempts to diffuse glucose and albumin through the 200 MWCO membrane. How well did the results compare with your prediction? __The albumin was not able to go through and the glucose did. I predicted that neither of them will diffuse, however the glucose was able to go through._ ___ 4.Put the following in order from smallest to largest molecular weight: glucose, sodium chloride, albumin, and urea. _sodium chloride, urea, glucose and albumin__ ___ ACTIVITY 2 Simulated Facilitated Diffusion 1.Explain one way in which facilitated diffusion is the same as simple diffusion and one way in which it differs.__ Both are passive diffusion that are from high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient. Facilitated differs from simple because it requires a carrier protein to diffuse. _ ___ 2.The larger value obtained when more glucose carriers were present corresponds to an increase in the rate of glucose transport. Explain why the rate increased. How well did the results compare with your prediction? The rate increased because there is more room and surface area increases relative to glucose. ___ 3.Explain your prediction for the effect Na+Cl− might have on glucose transport. In other words, explain why you picked the choice that you did. How well did the results compare with your prediction? _I picked the answer based on the activity. My results matched. ACTIVITY 3 Simulating Osmotic Pressure 1.Explain the effect that increasing the Na+Cl− concentration had on osmotic pressure and why it has this effect. How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___ __ Increasing the NaCl will increase the osmotic pressure because water needs to diffuse to the higher concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached_. My results were the same. 2.Describe one way in which osmosis is similar to simple diffusion and one way in which it is different. ___ _ Both are passive transports of high concentration gradient to low concentration gradient. Osmosis differs because it is the diffusion of water from a high to a low concentration gradient through a selective permeable membrane.__ 3.Solutes are sometimes measured in milliosmoles. Explain the statement, â€Å"Water chases milliosmoles.† ___ __ Osmosis is the diffusion of the solvent, e.g. water. The water in this simulation diffuses to the side of the membrane that has the highest concentration of the solutes. _ 4.The conditions were 9 mM albumin in the left beaker and 10 mM glucose in the right b eaker with the 200 MWCO membrane in place. Explain the results. How well did the results compare with your prediction? the glucose diffuses from the right beaker to the left beaker until equilibrium is reached. The albumin cannot diffuse through the membrane. My results were off. ACTIVITY 4 Simulating Filtration 1.Explain in your own words why increasing the pore size increased the filtration rate. Use an analogy to support your statement. How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___ _ This increase in pore size will increase the filtration rate because if it have more space, they will be able to pass through. If you connect a water hose to spray your grass, the water will come out faster than a device that attaches to water your grass. My results matched.__ 2.Which solute did not appear in the filtrate using any of the membranes? Explain why. ___ _ Powdered Charcoal- It was too large to pass through.__ 3.Why did increasing the pressure increase the filtration rate but not the concentration of solutes? How well did the results compare with your prediction? _ The pressure allows for more movement through the membrane but equilibrium was not reached.__My results were 50/50 ___ ACTIVITY 5 Simulating Active Transport 1.Describe the significance of using 9 mM sodium chloride inside the cell and 6 mM potassium chloride outside the cell, instead of other concentration ratios. _ the Na/K pump allows for 3:2 ratio__ ___ 2.Explain why there was no sodium transport even though ATP was present. How well did the results compare with your prediction? __ In order for the Na+/K+ pump to function, both these ions and ATP must be in place. My results were off._ 3.Explain why the addition of glucose carriers had no effect on sodium or potassium transport. How well did the results compare with your prediction? __ Glucose concentration does not affect the Na/K concentration. My results are off. 4.Do you think glucose is being actively transported or transported by facilitated diffusion in this experiment? Explain your answer. __ It is being transported by facilitated diffusion. Since glucose is a lipid insoluble and too large to pass through the membrane it requires a carrier but not ATP (no energy needed.)_ ___

A Comparison of Shakespeares Prince Hamlet and Machiavelli’s The Princ

A Comparison of Prince Hamlet and Machiavelli's The Prince  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Machiavelli states that "it is necessary for a prince, who wishes to maintain himself, to learn how not to be good, and use this knowledge and not use it, according to the necessity of the case." Machiavelli's ideas both compare and contrast to the methods used by Hamlet. Hamlet's desire to drive the king mad and eventually kill him, is what he thinks he must do in order to set things right. Hamlet struggles to maintain his position as prince. Perhaps he lacks the essential qualities of a prince outlined by Machiavelli.    According to Machiavelli, the pursuit of all things regarded as virtuous and praiseworthy will only lead to the prince's ruin. This is completely true in the case of Hamlet, because he is on a quest to avenge his father's death. The battle between good and evil is constantly in the forefront of Hamlet's mind, as he wavers between acting civil or getting revenge outright. In the beginning, Hamlet struggles to remain good at all times, but this causes him extreme anguish. Hamlet is an honest man, who grieves for his father. He suffers because of the dishonesty of the others in the court, especially his mother and his uncle, and later, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet is able to see through them all, and realize that they're dishonest. He speaks these words to Guildenstern: "Anything but to th' purpose. You were sent for, and there is a kind of confession in your looks, which your modesties have not craft enough to colour. I know the good King and Queen have sent for you." (Hamlet, II, ii., 278-280)    Hamlet's honesty is also seen when he is speaking with his mother. In act I, scene ii, Gertrude asks him why the de... ...e his goal was to get and retain power. He wanted to prove Claudius to be an unfit king, and he did so, but only as Hamlet himself was about to die. Hamlet had to cause grief by killing the king, but in the end, he is seen as a hero, because he unmasked his father's killer.    Sources Cited and Consulted: Gray, Terry A. "Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet." http://www.palomar.edu/Library/shake.htm. Jones, W. T. Masters of Political Thought. Ed. Edward, McChesner, and Sait. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947. Lee A. Jacobus.   A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers.   5th edition. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1998. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. Hill Thompson. Norwalk: The Easton Press, 1980. Shakespeare, William. The Three-Text Hamlet. Eds. Paul Bertram and Bernice Kliman. New York: AMS Press, 1991.

Nordstrom Case Study Essay

Answer 1: In the 1990s, Nordstrom had six co-presidents who were six cousins belonging to the family’s fourth generation. All six cousins took decisions jointly on major issues concerning the business. Thus, it was necessary that all six co-presidents agree on a decision or a plan for it to be acted upon. This was quite a difficult task as all of them often had differing opinions. Due to this many decisions were delayed or met with resistance by one or the other member. These six co-presidents were compared to a multi-headed hydra. Dismantling the hydra would prevent conflicts on future decisions and would also enable decisions to be taken quickly. It will also vest the ownership for the decisions onto one person. It will also enable a family member to be groomed for possibly leading the company one day. The possible disadvantages of dismantling the hydra is that the six co-presidents could have all contributed their knowledge and experience and have arrived at a better more informed decision. If equal power is vested in six people at the top, it enables them to share the workload.’ Answer 2: Creating departments around products will create independent profit and loss units for each product. The members of each department will have expertise on their products. They will know how to procure those products and effective sales and marketing techniques to sell those products better. This will narrow down their focus and they will concentrate only on the product that they are selling and will gain expertise on how to sell it best. The possible disadvantages of creating departments around products are that the employees will not have a complete picture of the entire business and where they stand. If in future, they are moved to another department, they will have to gain information about that product from scratch. Answer 3: The following changes prompted the move from mechanistic to organic organization. In the 1990s, the company met with stiff competition from its competitors. Its sales began to plateau. Its net income fell 2% and sales edged up only 1.9%. In the stores that had been open for a year, its sales dipped 1.1% after a 2.6% drop the prior year. Nordstrom’s shares fell from a 1999 high of 44 3/16 to under 20 in February. The customers and outsiders complained that top executives spent more time in seeking consensus of all co-presidents on issues and this was a reason for Nordstrom being slow in presenting new fashions for sales. Answer 4: In designing an organization to manage change, an additional structural change that Mr. Whitacre should consider is to start a competition among the departments. In this quarterly competition, the department that has the best sales and profits should be the winner and its members should be given some incentives. They should be asked to share the best practices with the other departments in order to help them manage change better. Employees should be rotated regularly from one department to another.